学位英语语法高频考点小结（3）

非谓语动词非谓语动词分三种，即：不定式，动名词和分词。下面分三部分进行介绍。

一、动词不定式

考试重点：动词不定式的基本结构和用法（尤其是复合结构，否定式，被动式，完成式等。）；stop和go on接不定式和动名词的区别；remember，forget接不定式和动名词的区别；have sth done 和have sb do sth。

基本形式主动形式被动形式

一般式（not）to make （not）to be made

完成式（not）to have made （not）to have been made

进行式（not）to be making

在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。

（一）动词不定式的基本结构和用法

动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。

1、Good-bye , Mr. Wang. I’m pleased _____ you.

A. to meet B .meeting C. to have been meeting D. to be met（答案：A）（1998年57题）

2、Encouragement through praise is the most effective method of getting people _____ their best.

A. do

B. to do

C. doing

D. done（答案为B）（1996年44题）

（二）动词不定式的被动式

当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的对象时（或动作的承受者时），不定式一般要用被动式。

1、The ability _____ is very important for any speaker.

A. to hear clearly

B. to be clearly heard

C. to hearing clearly

D. to being clearly heard

（答案：B。动词不定式的被动式。）（1999年39题）

2、Mr. and Mrs. Smith didn’t expect the house _____ so well.

A. to be decorated

B. to decorate

C. be decorated

D. decorating（答案：A）（1995年22题）

（三）动词不定式的复合结构

如需指出不定式动作的发出者时（即逻辑主语时）要在不定式前用for加名词（或代词）表示。

1、It was very difficult _____ me to learn Spanish.

A. of

B. to

C. with

D. for（答案：D）

2、It is necessary _____ the papers immediately.

A. for you to hand in

B. that you hand out

C. your hand in

D. for your hand in （答案：A）

（四）动词不定式的完成式

表示不定式的动作发生在句子谓语所表示的动作之前。

1、Judging from his manners at the party, he doesn’t seem _____ much education.

A. to receive

B. to be receiving

C. to have received

D. to have been received

（答案：C。表示发生在主要动词之前的动作，要用动词不定式的完成式。）（1997年45题）

2、The book is said _____ into several foreign languages up to now.

A. to translate

B. to have translate

C. to have been translated

D. to be translated （答案：C）

（五）stop 和go on后面接不定式和动名词的区别

动名词表示停下或继续正在做的事情；不定式表示停下以便做某事或改做另外一件事情。

1、The old man walked slowly, stopping frequently _____.

A. on rest

B. at rest

C. resting

D. to rest

（答案：D。“to rest”作目的状语，意思为“停下来的目的是为了休息”。）（1999年29题）

2、Men will never stop _____ for new ways of getting new energy.

A. search

B. to search

C. searching

D. searched（答案：C）3、You have been talking for two hours. How long do you intend to go on _____ like that?

A. talking

B. to talk

C. doing talking

D. talk（答案：A）

（六）remember 和forget接不定式和动名词的区别

remember, forget + doing sth：表示动作发生在过去。

remember, forget +to do sth：表示动作尚未发生。

1、Don’t forget _____ the window before leaving the room.

A. to have closed

B. to close

C. having closed

D. closing

（答案：B。to close表示一个在leaving 之后发生的将来的动作）（2001年28题）

2、I remember giving the letter to him.

我记得把信给他了。（giving表示一个在remember之前发生过的动作。）

（七）have sth done 和have sb do sth的用法

1、We are going to have our office _____ to make room for a new engineer.

A. to rearrange

B. rearrange

C. rearranged

D. rearranging

（答案：C。have sth done:表示这个动作由别人来做。）（2002年50题）

2、I’ll _____ that I’m a qualified engineer.

A. have you know

B. have known you

C. have you knowing

D. have you know

（答案：A。表示让某人做某事。）（2003年25题）

考试重点：动名词的逻辑主语，完成式，被动式，否定式；动名词做介词的宾语，有时介词可省略；“to”的作用。

基本形式：主动形式被动形式

一般时doing being done

完成时having done having been done

在句子中可以充当主语、表语、宾语和定语。

一、动名词的基本用法：

1、We shall appreciate _____ from you soon.

A. being heard

B. hearing

C. to hear

D. having been heard

（答案：B。appreciate后接动名词做宾语。）（1998年42题）

2、John suggested _____ anything about it until they found out more facts.

A. not to say

B. saying not

C. to say not

D. not saying

（答案：D。suggest后接动名词做宾语，否定式要在动名词前加“not”）（1995年53题）

二、动名词的完成时：表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生时，用动名词的完成时。

1、I don’t r emember _____. A. ever to be saying B. to have ever said C. having ever said that

D. ever said that（答案：C）

2、I regret having done such a thing.我后悔做了这样的事。

三、动名词的被动式

1、No one avoid _____ by advertisements.

A. influenced

B. influencing

C. to influence

D. being influenced（答案：D）

2、Susan was very unhappy for not _____ to the party.

A. to be invited

B. having been invited

C. inviting

D. to have been invited （答案：B）

四、动名词的逻辑主语

当动名词的逻辑主语是代词时可使用形容词性的物主代词或代词的宾格。

1、He forgot about _____ hi m to attend my wife’s birthday party.

A. I asking

B. my asking

C. me to ask

D. mine to ask

（答案：B。做介词about 的宾语，物主代词+动名词，构成动名词的复合结构。）（1998年29题）

2、I object to his （him）making private calls on the office phone.

我反对他用办公室的电话打私人电话。

五、动名词做介词的宾语，有时介词可省略。

1、Don’t risk _____ the job which so many people want.

A. losing

B. to lose

C. lost

D. your life to lose（答案：A。risk后接动名词做宾语，risk（in）doing sth.中的介词in常省略。）（1999年57题）

2、I don’t think it is any use _____ this matter any further.

A. discussing

B. to discuss

C. to discussing

D. to be discussed

（答案：A。it is no use （good）doing…做…没有用（好处），动名词做介词in的宾语，常省略。）

六、有的动词后的to 既可以是不定式符号，又可以是介词，使用时要特别注意。

1、You don’t object _____ you by your first name, do you?

A. for me to call

B. me to call

C. to my calling

D. my calling

（答案：C。object to 中的to是介词，故接动名词做宾语。）（1996年21题）

2、The students are looking forward to _____ their parents in winter vacation.

A. see

B. watch

C. seeing

D. being seen（答案：C）

考试重点：分词在句中的作用；现在分词的被动式和过去分词的区别；现在分词和过去分词的区别；分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语是否一致；分词的独立主格；with（without）引导的分词的独立结构。

-ING分词是指由动词原形＋-ING构成的、具有完成时态和被动语态的一种非谓语动词形式，具体形式如下：

主动形式被动形式

现在式doing being done

过去时done

完成时having done having been done

就其语法功能而言，它可以作表语、补足语、状语和定语。

一、分词在句中的作用

1、She was sitting in an armchair _____ a book.

A. reading

B. to read

C. to be reading

D. to have read

（答案：A。分词短语在句中做伴随状语。）（1995年37题）

2、_____ anything about the accident, he went to work as well.

A. Not know

B. Know not

C. Knowing not

D. Not knowing

（答案：D。分词做原因状语）（2000年28题）

3、They all returned to the village _____ that the danger was over.

A. convincing

B. convinced

C. to convince

D. having convinced

（答案：B。过去分词做伴随状语）（1997年57题）

4、We kept our _____ all night to frighten the wolves.

A. burning fire

B. burnt fire C fire burning D. fire burnt

（答案：C。现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行）（1997年55题）

二、现在分词和过去分词的区别

1、She told me that it was the most _____ gift her daughter had received.

A. delighting

B. delighted

C. delights

D. delight

（答案：A。现在分词修饰的是事物，常译作“令人……”，具有主动、进行的意思。过去分词修饰人，常译作“感到……”，具有被动、完成的概念。又如：a moved audience：受感动的观众。）（2003年38题）

2、My parents are _____ with my progress.

A. please

B. pleased

C. pleasing

D. being pleased （答案：B。）

三、现在分词的被动式和过去分词的区别。

1、The interviewer should take down notes at the moment the person _____ answers the questions.

A. to be interviewed

B. interviewing

C. being interviewed

D. interviewed

（答案：C。现在分词的被动式。表示动作正在发生）（1997年33题）

2、Standing on the bank, the children watched the ship _____ with all kinds of goods.

A. loading

B. being loaded

C. to be loaded

D. having loaded

（答案：B。现在分词的被动式。）（2000年23题）

3、We found the eggs eaten by the snake. 我们发现鸡蛋被蛇吃了。

（过去分词表示动作的完成和结果。）

四、分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语是否一致。

1、Arriving at the bus stop, _____ waiting there.

A. he found a lot of people

B. a lot of people were

C. he found a lot of people’s

D. people were found（答案：A。分词短语做伴随状语时，和主句共用一个主语。）（1996年37题）

2、_____ tired after a hard work, she fell into bed and went straight to sleep.

A. Felt

B. Feeling

C. Being felt

D. To feel（答案：B）（1998年50题）

五、分词的独立主格：分词短语带有自己的逻辑主语，（一般由名词担任）称为分词的独立主格。

1、The plane crashed, its bombs _____ as it hit the ground.

A. exploded

B. were exploded

C. exploding

D. were exploding（答案：C）（1999年43题）

2、Weather permitting, we’ll go to the Summer Palace.

如果天气允许的话，我们去颐和园。

六、with （without）引导的分词的独立结构。

1、He walked across the meeting room _____ everyone looking at her.

A. with

B. as

C. while

D. when

（答案：A。with或without可以引导分词的独立结构，做伴随状语。）（1997年49题）

2、With the old man _____ the way, we had no trouble in finding that mysterious cave.

A. leading

B. led

C. lead

D. to be led（答案：A）（2000年27题）

第六节各种从句

英语中从句包括：名词从句、定语从句、同位语从句和状语从句。