雅思阅读分类词汇——文化类

homogeneous 同质的homo + gene +ous(<> heterogeneous)^ homosexual,

heterosexual

mainstream 主流主流的

dialect 方言(v.s. accent)

discrepancy 差异

misconception 误解(mis + concept + ion)= misunderstanding

barrier 障碍(物)~ bar, = barricade

discrimination 区别，歧视racial/sexual discrimination? discriminate (+against)

hierarchy 等级制度heir + arch(govern) + y

insularity 岛国性质(? insular, ^island)British industry has often been criticized for its

linguistic insularity.

microcosm 小天地micro + cosm(os)

nostalgia = homesickness

patriot 爱国者(<> traitor)à

patriotic, patriotism

compatriot 同胞同胞的com + patriot

vernacular 本地的，本国的本地话，本国话the vernacular languages of India

Hispanic An American whose first language was Spanish

immigration 移入~ immigrant, immigratev.s. emigration (~ emigrant, emigrate)

antipodes Any two places or regions on diametrically opposite sides of the Earth“from North America to the Antipodes”

permeate 渗透，弥漫Smoke permeated the house.

entrepreneurship

entrepreneur 企业家(~ enterprise)à

practitioner 开业者，从业者praction(practice) + er

celebrity a famous person= luminary, VIP

proxy 代理人

anecdote 轶事(à anecdotal)

notoriety 恶名(? notorious)

counterpart 对应人，对等物Who’s George Bush’s counterpart in China?^

counterculture, counterbalance

peer 同等的人凝视，窥视(~ peep)

subordinate 下级下级的<> superior

tactics 战术，技巧v.s. strategy (战略，策略)marketing strategy v.s. selling tactics

nuance a subtle difference in meaning

benchmarking 类比分析

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punctual 准时的，守时的(à punctuality)

absenteeism 旷工absent à absentee à absenteeism

flextime 弹性工作时间flex(flexible) + time

harass 骚扰(à harassment)Mary said that Gary had sexually harassed her.

redundancy 冗余，冗员network redundancy

downsize 裁员(~ lay off)

ballot 投票(= vote)

impartial 不偏不倚的(<> partial)

lobby 大堂(n.) 游说(v.)

shortlist (BE) a list of applicants who have been deemed suitable and from which the

(v.)

successful person will be chosen à

equilibrium 平衡，均衡

questionnaire 调查表，问卷

quantitative 定量的(<> qualitative)

contingency 偶然性，偶然事件

incur 招致incur debts/hatred/dangerv.s. occur, concur, recur

ethical 伦理的，符合伦理的~ ethics, <> unethical

dubious 疑惑的，可疑的(~ doubt)People were dubious about the result.

manifestation 显示，证明(? manifest)

subtitle 字幕，副标题(sub + title)^ subsidiary, submarine, subway (BE: underground, tube), suburb(~ downtown, uptown, outskirts)

dubbing 配音录制

vogue 时尚^ chic

bizarre 奇异的v.s. weird (怪异的)

mediocre 平庸的

dietitian 饮食学家(~ diet)

connoisseur 行家，鉴赏家^ entrée, a la carte

雅思阅读分类词汇——生物/生理类

molecule 分子à molecular

cell àcellular

amino à amino acids (氨基酸)

protein 蛋白质

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enzyme 酶(proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific

biochemical reactions)

catalyst 催化剂

chlorophyll 叶绿素“chloro-”: Cl

photosynthesis 光合作用(photo + synthesis)àphotosynthetic

botany 植物学(<> zoology)à botanist, botanical

flora 植物群

fauna 动物群

bacterium bacteria (pl.) 细菌

fungus fungi (pl.) 真菌

algae alga (pl.) 海藻

herbicide (^ insecticide, pesticide)

herb à herbal: ~ teaà

carnation 康乃馨à reincarnation

fade 凋谢，褪色

organism 机体，组织? organ

arthropod 节肢动物v.s. anthropoid (↓）

reptile 爬行动物

amphibian 两栖动物

mammal 哺乳动物(? mamma!)

primate 灵长目动物

evolution 进化(? evolve)

anthropoid 类人猿(“anthrop”: humankind)~ anthropology, philanthropyv.s. ape, gorilla, chimpanzee

gene 基因^ DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)~ genome (基因组)

genetics 遗传学(à genetical)

helix 螺旋，螺旋壮物… analyze every single gene within the double helix of

humanity’s DNA

ID card)^ clone

identical 同一的~ identity (à

mutation 突变gene mutationà mutable, immutable, mutant

predator 捕食者(<> prey)

embryo 胚胎à embryonic (萌芽的)

roe 鱼子>>> caviar (鱼子酱)

tadpole 蝌蚪>>> frog, toad (^ told)

caterpillar 毛毛虫(cater + pillar)The American Company: Caterpillar (CAT)

grasshopper 蚱蜢，蝗虫(= locust)grass + hopper, ^ bellhop

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cricket 蟋蟀(另)板球

butterfly v.s. moth^ dragonfly, firefly

pollen 花粉传粉à pollinate, pollination

hive 蜂房>>> honey, ^ concoction

larva larvae (pl.) 幼虫v.s. lava

pupa 蛹à pupate

penguin 企鹅v.s. dolphin (海豚)

raccoon 浣熊v.s. kangaroo (袋鼠)

hibernate 冬眠(=hole up)

torpid 麻木的，蛰伏的v.s. torpedo (鱼雷)

cerebral (大)脑的

hemisphere 半球(hemi + sphere)

cortex 脑皮层

migraine 偏头疼? migrant

somatic 躯体的

limb 四肢upper/lower limb

anatomy 解剖，剖析

paralyze 使瘫痪(=incapacitate, immobilize)

artery 动脉(<> vein)

gland 腺体

pancreas 胰

hormone 荷尔蒙，激素

cholesterol 胆固醇

efficacy 功效v.s. efficiency, effectiveness

雅思阅读分类词汇——教育类

accommodation (膳宿)供应= room and board

lodging 寄宿(处)

lease 出租“for lease”, “to let”v.s. rent

tenant 房客，佃户

landlord 房东à landlady(f)? Lord, <> tenant

housemate ~ roommate, dormmate^ schoolmate, classmate

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dormitory 寝室(abbrev. dorm)

au pair A young foreigner who lives with a family in return for doing light

housework(另) = reciprocal

reciprocal 相互的，互惠的

hostel youth hostel~ hotel

real estate 房地产

vicinity = neighborhood

flat 平的，瘪的flat tire公寓(= apartment)^ condo, studio

bond = deposit

linen 亚麻的亚麻织品，床单(= bed linen)

utensil 器皿

stationery 文具(v.s. stationary)

laundry 洗衣，洗衣店

cafeteria 自助餐厅~ canteen

cater 满足(需要)

aerobics 有氧健身操“aero”: air

badminton 羽毛球(运动)

baseball 棒球baseball bat

squash 壁球(运动)

amateur <> professional

gathering 聚会v.s. meeting, reunion

excursion 远足(= outing, expedition)

commonwealth 共和国，联邦Commonwealth: 英联邦

tertiary 第三的After purchasing a house and a car, the next major life expenditure is

secondary à tertiary

almost certainly the cost of tertiary education.primary à

post-secondary “post”: afterpostgraduate, postdoctoral, post-sale, postwar

illiteracy (<> literacy)

illiterate 文盲不识字的il(no) + literate(words)à

discipline 学科，纪律v.s. subject

terminology 术语

faculty department and staff of a college/university

dean (大学)教务长

curriculum 课程(= course)à extracurricular 课外的

syllabus 课程提纲

calendar 日历，日程(~ schedule, agenda, timetable)

compulsory 强制的，必修的<> elective (选修的)

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examiner <> examinee^ take/sit, pass/get through, fail, retake/resit

recruit 招生，招募à recruitment= enroll

prestige 声望，威信à prestigious

esteem 尊敬(n. & v.)your esteemed school/company

aptitude 智力SAT: School Aptitude Test

matriculation 录取入学

vocationalvocational education vocation 职业(= calling, occupation, career)à

TAFE Technical And Further Education (Australian)

abbreviation 缩略(词)~ abridge (缩短，删节)

transferable (学分等)可转换的

scholarship 奖学金= fellowship

tutorial 辅导(课)? tutor (= lecturer, instructor)

pedagogue 教员，学究~ pedagogy (教育学，教学法)^ demagogue (政治煽动家) lexicography 词典编撰(à lexicographer)

assignment 任务，(课外)作业

dissertation 论文(= thesis)

credential 证明，文凭“cred”: creditlinguistic credentials

alumni 校友(男)<> alumnae

overestimate 高估(<> underestimate)

decipher 解码，解释(= decode)decipher workplace culture

caliber 才干

雅思阅读分类词汇——环境类

conservation 保护，保存(? conserve)v.s. conversation

environmentalist = conservationist

acid 酸酸的(<>alkali)acid rain

carbon 碳(C) v.s. charcoal (炭)carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide

fume exhaust fumesv.s. smoke, fog, smog

petroleum 石油à petrol (BE) = gasoline/gas (AE)à

unleaded petrol/gas ozone 臭氧(o + zone)ozone layer

ooze 渗出渗出物

radiation 辐射ultraviolet(UV) radiation~ radioactive

greenhouse 温室greenhouse effect/gases

solar 太阳的(solar energy)^ lunar (lunar calendar)

phenomenon 现象

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catastrophe = disaster, cataclysm

deterioration 恶化(? deteriorate)

extinction 灭绝(? extinct)

species endangered species

drought 干旱(^ “找它”)>>> famine v.s. flooding

recurrent 反复发生的re + (oc)cur + rentv.s. concurrent

inundate 淹没^ “淹掉它”

embankment 筑堤(em + bank + ment)

sediment 沉积(物)= deposit

delta 三角洲the Pearl River Delta

alluvial 冲积的

desertification ? desert (v.s. dessert)

dust-storm 沙尘暴^ thunderstorm, brainstorm

barren 贫瘠的，不育的，无效的

dune sand dunethe game “DUNE”！

attributable 归因于be attributable to…

deforestation 滥砍滥伐(森林)de + forest + ation<> afforestation/reforestation

log 原木，日志伐木v.s. logo

vegetation 植物，植被v.s. vegetable, vegetarian

habitat 栖息地? habit (Habit is the second nature.)

ecosystem 生态系统(eco + system)~ ecology

养育能力One tool for assessing the impact of forestry on the viability ? viable “vi”: life

ecosystem is population viability analysis.

demographic 人口统计的demo(people) + graph(write) + ic

interdependence inter + dependence

counterbalance 使平衡，弥补(=offset)counter(against) + balance

mechanism 机理，机制

precipitation 陡降，降水(? precipice)<> evaporation

circulation 流通，循环

tide àtidal wave (海啸)<> ebb <<< earthquake

typhoon ~ tornado, hurricane

meteorology 气象(学)

volcano 火山

eruption 喷发(? erupt)volcanic eruption >>> lava

granite 花岗岩

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imminent = impending v.s. eminent

Celsius 摄氏的37OCv.s. centigrade

Fahrenheit 华氏的

latitude 纬度(另) longitude, altitude

tropical ? (the) tropicstropical/torrid zone, temperate zone, frigid zone

glacier 冰川

dump 倾倒，倾销à anti-dumping

contaminate 弄脏(à contaminant)

recycle 回收再利用

irreversible 不可逆的(= irrevocable)

reclaim 开垦，改造à reclamation

contentious 有争议的(? contend)Many environmental issues today are highly contentious.

opt 选择(+ for) à

option

prioritize 优先考虑(? prior, priority)

雅思阅读分类词汇——科技类

ubiquitous 普遍存在的= omnipresent (^ omniscient, omnipotent)

versatile (人)多才多艺的，(物)通用的à versatility

alchemy 炼金术

transmute 变形，变质transmute silver into gold (!)

arduous 艰巨的(=strenuous)an arduous task

pitfall 陷阱，未预见之困难

metallurgy 冶金

alloy 合金

aluminum = aluminium (BE)^ calcium, uranium, radium^ copper, brass, bronze

electrode 电极

distill 蒸馏distilled water

quartz 石英

phosphorus 磷，磷光物质

inflammable 易燃的(? flame)

combustion 燃烧(à combustible)spontaneous combustion (white phosphorus)

ceramic 陶瓷的瓷器(à ceramics)

insulate 隔离，绝缘à insulator (<> conductor)

fiber 纤维(BE: fibre)fiber optics (纤维光学)

8

optics 光学(à optical)

retina 视网膜

iris 虹膜

opaque 不透明的v.s. transparent, translucent

microprocessor 微处理器^ CPU(Central Processing Unit), chip

binary 二进制的

integrate àintegrated, integrationintegrated circuit (IC), system integration (SI)

buffer 缓冲区buffer storage

browser 浏览器(^ IE, Netscape)

hypertext 超文本

envisage 想象，看作en + vis(see) + ageThe internet can be envisaged as a network

of visual telephone links.

momentous (极为)重要的v.s. momentary

reticular 网状的

Ethernet 以太网

domain 域domain names

cyberlaw 网络法律“cyber-“: Internet relatedcyberlove, cybercafe, …

patent 专利(à patented)v.s. copyright, ^ pirated software/VCD’ｓ

chronological 按时间顺序的“chron”: time^ chronic, chronicle, chronograph

robot 机器人(“肉包它”)à robotics

artificial 人造的，做作的artificial satellite/smile

cone 圆锥体，锥形物the nose cone of a missile

Jupiter 木星^ Mercury, Venus, Mars, Saturn

exorbitant 过度的，过分的，过高的ex(out) + orbit + ant

centripetal 向心(力)的<> centrifugal

high-rise 高楼(~ skyscraper)

cathedral 大教堂

dome 圆顶(a hemispherical roof)

infrastructure 基础设施<> superstructure

sewage 污水，下水道

hydraulic 水力的，水压的

landfill 垃圾掩埋(地)

ventilation 通风

thermostat 温控器thermo(hot) + stat(steady)^ thermos, thermometer,

thermonuclear

9

prefabricate 预先制造à prefab (预制的)

polytechnic 各种工艺的理工学校Hong Kong Polytechnic

geometric 几何(学)的? geometry, geo(land) + metry(measure)

asymmetry 不对称a(not) + sym(same) + metry(↑)<> symmetry

concave 凹的(<> convex)

bilateral 双边的，两方面的<> unilateral

paradoxical “似非而是”的? paradox (悖论)

empirical 经验的empirical law/formula

clockwise 顺时针的(<> anticlockwise)

雅思阅读分类词汇——心理类

theorem 原理，定理v.s. theory

methodology 方法论(? method)

physiology 生理学(à physiological)

psychiatry 精神病学^ psychology, psycho, psychosis, psychoanalysis

correlation 相互关系à correlation coefficient

sensation 感觉，知觉(另)轰动à sensational

perception 感知，认知

intuition 知觉(à intuitive)

ESP 第六感(Extrasensory Perception)

motivate 激励à motivation (^ bonus, commission, …）

incentive 激励因素

stimulus 刺激à stimulate, stimulation

disorder 紊乱，失调

dysfunction 机能障碍dys(=dis) + function

dissonance 不和谐，不一致dis + son(sound) +ance

trauma 创伤(à traumatic)the trauma caused by Sept. 11

anxiety 焦虑(= anxiousness)

depression 沮丧(de + press + ion)~ depressedv.s. repression (压抑)

insomnia 失眠

phobia 恐惧(症) à suffix: -phobia

acrophobia ^ acronym: IELTS, TOEFL…

xenophobia a fear of foreigners or strangers

claustrophobia a fear of being closed in a confined place

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allergy 过敏(症)，反感(à allergic)He is allergic to card playing.

propensity Most boys have a propensity of playing with machinery.= tendency,

inclination

paranoid 偏执的? paranoia (偏执狂)

workaholic 工作狂(? alcoholic)

symptom 症状

diagnosis 诊断(n.)? diagnose (v.)Arthur Haily: “The Final Diagnosis”

electroencephalogram 脑电图^ electrocardiogram (心电图)

assertive 武断的(? assert)

therapy 治疗法group therapy

hypnotism 催眠术(~ hypnotize)

prescription: ~ drugs prescribe 开药方v.s. subscribe, describe, inscribeà

antidepressant 抗抑郁药

tranquilizer 镇静药(? tranquil)

side-effect (+s) 副作用

immune 免疫的，免除的(à immunity)

rehabilitation 复原，康复

relapse 旧病复发，故态复萌v.s. elapse^ 子在川上曰：逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜!

chronic 慢性的

adulthood <> childhood

puberty 青春发动期

adolescence 青春期(the time of life between puberty and adulthood)

emotional <> rational

affective 情感的(? affection)

sane 神智健全的à insane

superstition 迷信à superstitious

telepathy 传心术，通灵术tele(far away) + pathy(heart)^ numerology, palmistry…

apathy 无感情，无兴趣，冷漠(= indifference)a(no) + pathyv.s. sympathy: sym(same)

+ pathy

pathology 病理学，病理，病变

delusion 迷惑，欺瞒v.s. illusion

disorientation 迷失(dis + orientation)~ disoriented

pervert 使反常/变态反常/变态者à perversion

introspection 内省v.s. retrospection (回顾，反省)

sublimation 纯化，升华? sublime

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